A form of Vitamin B3 that is known to improve the skin’s barrier function, increase the natural production of ceramides, and reduce inflammation. It also works to brighten hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes.

Occurs naturally in the dermis layer. Its water absorbing abilities help the epidermis achieve much needed suppleness and moisture. Known for its water binding ability, this acid holds water tightly, and when applied to the skin, forms a film similar to the way it holds water in the intercellular matrix of the dermal connective tissue. It’s also a useful carrier for other active ingredients as well as extracts.

A small molecule peptide known to have anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It works by supporting the production of collagen and elastin.

A mineral-rich red seaweed extract that has been shown to promote collagen synthesis within the skin and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

This patented delivery system is specifically designed to increase the stability of retinol while reducing skin irritation. It works by encapsulating the retinol molecules to minimize exposure to oxygen and light, while slowly releasing it into the skin through a combination of friction and di!usion. This slow release of retinol minimizes skin irritation, while allowing for a higher percentage of retinol within the formulation.